| Research Title: |
Technology Financing for SMEs : A Survey Report on Auto – Component SMEs |
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| Details: |
With a view to understand the financing patterns and requirements including the myriad nature of finance of technology for SMEs in India, CII in association with CITT, IIFT and DSIR conducted a survey at Auto Enterprise 2004, held during the 15th – 20th January, 2004, in Pragati Maidan, New Delhi. The main objective was to evolve policy guidelines and mechanisms necessary to encourage the enhancing of the International Competitiveness of SMEs by leveraging technology and supporting technological efforts through risk sharing by public funded institutions and other concerned with the SMEs. The technology financing mechanisms included the role of FDI. The survey also included an assessment of web status of the companies. A total of 91 SMEs were surveyed by means of a Structured Disguised Questionnaire, executed through personal Interviews and discussions undertaken by a team comprising of members from IIFT, CII, DSIR and FIIB.
The Survey highlighted the lack of awareness on various technology financing options and support infrastructure existing around them. The survey also revealed that the SME sector is enthusiastic on taking a lot of technology investment initiatives in order to become self reliant and globally competitive. Most of the companies were however, not even adequately aware about the FDI mode of financing and its possible benefits including technology flows, there up gradation, training, support for quality improvements and standards, exports, etc. Thus there is a need to evolve new policy mechanisms and systems which are user friendly for supporting technology related efforts of SMEs to enhance their international competitiveness.
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| Research Title: |
GATS Provisions on R&D Services and Export Potential for India |
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| Details: |
This paper aims at examining the GATS Provisions on R&D Services. It analyses the commitments in the area of R&D Services (three categories) and examines the extent to which the provisions are liberal in the area of Market Access and National Treatment. Horizontal limitations in all the three sub-sectors of R&D services viz. R&D services on natural sciences (CPC 851), R&D Services on social sciences and humanities (CPC 852) and Interdisciplinary R&D services (CPC 853) have been looked into and the nature of these limitations have been highlighted. The supply base of India’s R&D labs in Natural Sciences has also been looked into and the export potential along with existing export markets have been identified. The paper is divided into three sections.
Section I: GATS provisions on R&D services, Commitments by countries and limitations on Market Access as well as National Treatment.
Section II: Supply Base, Export Potential and Export Destinations
Section III: Negotiating Proposals by Australia, Canada and EU and likely demand for India.
India needs to match the export potential with opening up given by various countries in R&D services. Markets which have given maximum opening can be tapped by India. The current paper has given supply base for natural sciences.
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| Research Title: |
Compilation of WTO-TBT Notifications issued during 2001-2003 |
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1. Fertiliser, Chemical and Pesticides sector: The study provides
information about the various notifications issued by the member countries of
WTO in respect of Fertiliser, Chemical and Pesticides sector which has been
classified by CITT and is not classified otherwise by any other agency. Besides
this the relevant portions of the notifications are given to equip the
manufacturers and exporters in this sector about the change in regulations,
import policy for certain products, change in registration procedure if any,
changes in the specifications of the products and objective of the change, for
the products to be imported or exported or manufactured in concerned country.
2. Processed and Packaged food sector: The study provides information
about the various notifications issued by the member countries of WTO in respect
to Processed and Packaged food sector during 2001-03. The relevant portions of
the notifications are briefly given to equip the manufacturers, R&D
organizations and exporters in this sector about the change in regulations,
import policy for certain products, change in registration procedure, if any,
and objectives of the changes in the specifications of the products etc., to be
used or imported or exported or manufactured in concerned country.
3. Pharmaceuticals, medical and healthcare sector: The study provides
information about the various notifications issued by the member countries of
WTO in respect to pharmaceuticals, medical and healthcare sector which has been
classified by CITT and is not classified otherwise by any other agency. Besides
this the relevant portions of the notifications are given to equip the
manufacturers and exporters in this sector about the change in regulations,
import policy for certain products, change in registration procedure if any and
objectives of the changes in the specifications of the products etc. to be used
or imported or exported or manufactured in concerned country.
4. Automobile and ancillary sector: The study provides information about
the various notifications issued by the member countries of WTO in respect to
Automobile and ancillary sector during 2001-2003 The relevant portions of the
notifications are briefly given to equip the manufacturers, R&D organizations
and exporters in this sector about the change in regulations, import policy for
certain products, change in registration procedure, if any, and objectives of
the changes in the specifications of the products etc., to be used or imported
or exported or manufactured in concerned country.
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| Research Title: |
Research Title: Exportable R&D services from CSIR System |
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| Details: |
R&D and technology related activities form an important link in the
innovation chain and are a measure of innovation capabilities of a country. A
number of parameters like expenditure on R&D, availability of scientific and
technical manpower, patents sealed, products and processes developed, import
substitutes developed, designs & prototypes developed and consultancy services
rendered by R&D institutions in different sectors are also indicators of a
country’s technological capabilities.
India has a strong set of S&T policies and institutional mechanism including a
chain of 38 research laboratories under Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR). These R&D institutions are known to be equipped with
internationally comparable facilities and the experts in certain areas are
capable of providing R&D services besides carrying out R&D activities.The
increasing trend in internationalization has opened up new opportunities for
business development and export of R&D institutions all over the world. The GATS
Agreement (General Agreement on Trade in Services) of WTO also provides R&D
services export opportunities for research labs of member countries and brings
forth new challenges for them to compete internationally.
Objective of Study
Recognizing the business potential for R&D services from India, a preliminary
research study related to exportable R&D services from the CSIR system was
assigned by DSIR to Centre for International Trade in Technology (CITT) at
Indian
Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT). The objectives of the study were:
I. To find out from the survey of 38 laboratories of CSIR, their facilities
and potential for export market of R&D services.
II. To identify the constraints being faced by CSIR laboratories in exporting
R&D services and their views to overcome those.
Methodology of Study
A study team consisting of representatives from DSIR, CSIR and CITT- IIFT was
constituted. The team work under the guidance of Dr. S.P. Agarwal Head CITT,
IIFT. The team finalized the methodology for collection of data through field
surveys, visits to the laboratories and personal discussions with the
laboratories. A questionnaire was designed for the purpose of data collection.
The questionnaire was sent to all the 38 laboratories of CSIR. The manner in
which R&D services can be delivered were categorized into 8 “delivery modes”
viz. (i) training (ii) testing and evaluation (iii) consultancy (iv) IPR
services (v) surveys and epidemiological studies (vi) technology transfer (vii)
turnkey projects and (vii) contract / sponsored research. The last area
mentioned above i.e. contract / sponsored research was further sub-divided into
(a) design (b) product development and (c) process development. The laboratories
were requested to provide information under the above categories of R&D services
with respect to their core competencies. The laboratories were also requested to
inform about the major facilities available, patents taken, papers published,
R&D services given to industry or other organizations in India or abroad, major
constraints in offering their services in India and abroad and also invited
their suggestions to overcome the constraints. The study team also had personal
interactions with scientists of various laboratories besides visiting selected
laboratories.
Analysis
For the purpose of analysis the 38 laboratories of CSIR were grouped into
following 4 main groups:-
1. Biological sciences group
2. Chemical sciences group
3. Engineering sciences group
4. Physical & Information sciences group
The data was compiled, classified and tabulated according to the
objectives of the study and the analysis was carried out as per the information
supplied by the laboratories about the manpower available, Core areas of
competency, patents filed and granted in India and abroad, papers published,
major R&D facilities available and potential exportable R&D services laboratory
wise while analyzing the individual laboratories under the 4 main groups,
mentioned above, in chapters 3,4,5 and 6 in the report.
Each chapter starts with the names of the laboratories under the group with
the analysis of the group as a whole followed by analysis of individual
laboratory.
The main core competencies of the 4 groups are summarised below:-
Biological Sciences Group: There are 11 laboratories in this group.
The main core competencies identified in this group of labs are biotechnology,
bioinformatics, cell biology, environmental biology, tea sciences, floriculture,
drug design and development and food biotechnology etc.
Chemical Sciences Group: There are seven laboratories in this group.
The main areas of core competencies in this group are – process design and
engineering, membrane science & technology, specialty chemicals: organic
synthesis, catalysis, polymer, arid zone plantations, electrochemical and
electrochemical metallurgy etc.
Engineering Sciences Group: There are 13 laboratories in this group.
The main areas of core competencies in this group are -environment impact
assessment, waste water treatment, refractory and advanced ceramics including
bio-ceramics electro-ceramics and non-oxide ceramics, mineral beneficiation,
extractive metallurgy, characterization and synthesis of composites, wind tunnel
modeling & testing, transmission line towers, road research and highway design,
rapid prototyping and tooling, disaster mitigation and earth quake resistant
structures, coal liquefaction and gasification and mining technology etc.
Physical and Information Sciences Group: This group comprises of 7
laboratories. The main areas of core competencies in this group are – material
science and characterization, radio & atmospheric science, superconductivity,
cryogenics, ecosystems, marine technology assessment of mineral, underground
water and hydrocarbon along with their exploration & management,
instrumentation, power electronics and studies on various important subjects.
Observations
i. Some national laboratories under the CSIR system have already taken
initiatives to forge partnerships with MNCs and provide R&D services in areas
such as drugs and pharmaceuticals, catalysis, aero-space designs & engineering,
bio-technology, chemicals, computer aided designs, etc. The partnership of
Boeing with NAL, or Mobil with IIP, or Glaxo SmithKline and Beacham with IICT
are just a few examples of such partnerships. Recently, General Motors, Daimler
Chrysler and Procter & Gamble have also joined hands with CSIR laboratories.
ii. Inclination & orientation towards international marketing & export of R&D
services is, however, lacking in most labs.
iii. Level of international exposure in some labs needs to be enhanced.
iv. In general, labs intimated lack of information about foreign markets and
bureaucratic bottlenecks, as the main impediments for developing the export
potential of their R&D services
v. Most labs need a pro-active approach to identify specific markets for
their R&D services.
Recommendations
i. CSIR may evolve a well structured business plan / strategy for
international marketing of R&D Services with country specific as well as service
specific targets in a given time frame, keeping in view the developments taking
place globally as a result of WTO-GATS negotiations or otherwise.
ii. CSIR should encourage adoption of ‘corporate-culture’ in its laboratories
with adequate debureaucratization and restructuring, retaining at the same time
science based research environment.
iii. A corporate strategy may include evolving an appropriate structure at
the CSIR headquarters that would facilitate export of R&D services with active
participation of laboratories.
iv. Identification and benchmarking of R&D services of individual
laboratories needs to be done on priority.
v. Potential customers in targeted countries and the information about the
competitors to be complied for market positioning.
vi. Strategic alliances or partnerships with sister laboratories or other
institutions may be developed.
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| Research Title: |
Research Title: Exportable R&D services from CSIR System |
| |
|
| Details: |
R&D and technology related activities form an important link in the
innovation chain and are a measure of innovation capabilities of a country. A
number of parameters like expenditure on R&D, availability of scientific and
technical manpower, patents sealed, products and processes developed, import
substitutes developed, designs & prototypes developed and consultancy services
rendered by R&D institutions in different sectors are also indicators of a
country’s technological capabilities.
India has a strong set of S&T policies and institutional mechanism including a
chain of 38 research laboratories under Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR). These R&D institutions are known to be equipped with
internationally comparable facilities and the experts in certain areas are
capable of providing R&D services besides carrying out R&D activities.The
increasing trend in internationalization has opened up new opportunities for
business development and export of R&D institutions all over the world. The GATS
Agreement (General Agreement on Trade in Services) of WTO also provides R&D
services export opportunities for research labs of member countries and brings
forth new challenges for them to compete internationally.
Objective of Study
Recognizing the business potential for R&D services from India, a preliminary
research study related to exportable R&D services from the CSIR system was
assigned by DSIR to Centre for International Trade in Technology (CITT) at
Indian
Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT). The objectives of the study were:
I. To find out from the survey of 38 laboratories of CSIR, their facilities
and potential for export market of R&D services.
II. To identify the constraints being faced by CSIR laboratories in exporting
R&D services and their views to overcome those.
Methodology of Study
A study team consisting of representatives from DSIR, CSIR and CITT- IIFT was
constituted. The team work under the guidance of Dr. S.P. Agarwal Head CITT,
IIFT. The team finalized the methodology for collection of data through field
surveys, visits to the laboratories and personal discussions with the
laboratories. A questionnaire was designed for the purpose of data collection.
The questionnaire was sent to all the 38 laboratories of CSIR. The manner in
which R&D services can be delivered were categorized into 8 “delivery modes”
viz. (i) training (ii) testing and evaluation (iii) consultancy (iv) IPR
services (v) surveys and epidemiological studies (vi) technology transfer (vii)
turnkey projects and (vii) contract / sponsored research. The last area
mentioned above i.e. contract / sponsored research was further sub-divided into
(a) design (b) product development and (c) process development. The laboratories
were requested to provide information under the above categories of R&D services
with respect to their core competencies. The laboratories were also requested to
inform about the major facilities available, patents taken, papers published,
R&D services given to industry or other organizations in India or abroad, major
constraints in offering their services in India and abroad and also invited
their suggestions to overcome the constraints. The study team also had personal
interactions with scientists of various laboratories besides visiting selected
laboratories.
Analysis
For the purpose of analysis the 38 laboratories of CSIR were grouped into
following 4 main groups:-
1. Biological sciences group
2. Chemical sciences group
3. Engineering sciences group
4. Physical & Information sciences group
The data was compiled, classified and tabulated according to the
objectives of the study and the analysis was carried out as per the information
supplied by the laboratories about the manpower available, Core areas of
competency, patents filed and granted in India and abroad, papers published,
major R&D facilities available and potential exportable R&D services laboratory
wise while analyzing the individual laboratories under the 4 main groups,
mentioned above, in chapters 3,4,5 and 6 in the report.
Each chapter starts with the names of the laboratories under the group with
the analysis of the group as a whole followed by analysis of individual
laboratory.
The main core competencies of the 4 groups are summarised below:-
Biological Sciences Group: There are 11 laboratories in this group.
The main core competencies identified in this group of labs are biotechnology,
bioinformatics, cell biology, environmental biology, tea sciences, floriculture,
drug design and development and food biotechnology etc.
Chemical Sciences Group: There are seven laboratories in this group.
The main areas of core competencies in this group are – process design and
engineering, membrane science & technology, specialty chemicals: organic
synthesis, catalysis, polymer, arid zone plantations, electrochemical and
electrochemical metallurgy etc.
Engineering Sciences Group: There are 13 laboratories in this group.
The main areas of core competencies in this group are -environment impact
assessment, waste water treatment, refractory and advanced ceramics including
bio-ceramics electro-ceramics and non-oxide ceramics, mineral beneficiation,
extractive metallurgy, characterization and synthesis of composites, wind tunnel
modeling & testing, transmission line towers, road research and highway design,
rapid prototyping and tooling, disaster mitigation and earth quake resistant
structures, coal liquefaction and gasification and mining technology etc.
Physical and Information Sciences Group: This group comprises of 7
laboratories. The main areas of core competencies in this group are – material
science and characterization, radio & atmospheric science, superconductivity,
cryogenics, ecosystems, marine technology assessment of mineral, underground
water and hydrocarbon along with their exploration & management,
instrumentation, power electronics and studies on various important subjects.
Observations
i. Some national laboratories under the CSIR system have already taken
initiatives to forge partnerships with MNCs and provide R&D services in areas
such as drugs and pharmaceuticals, catalysis, aero-space designs & engineering,
bio-technology, chemicals, computer aided designs, etc. The partnership of
Boeing with NAL, or Mobil with IIP, or Glaxo SmithKline and Beacham with IICT
are just a few examples of such partnerships. Recently, General Motors, Daimler
Chrysler and Procter & Gamble have also joined hands with CSIR laboratories.
ii. Inclination & orientation towards international marketing & export of R&D
services is, however, lacking in most labs.
iii. Level of international exposure in some labs needs to be enhanced.
iv. In general, labs intimated lack of information about foreign markets and
bureaucratic bottlenecks, as the main impediments for developing the export
potential of their R&D services
v. Most labs need a pro-active approach to identify specific markets for
their R&D services.
Recommendations
i. CSIR may evolve a well structured business plan / strategy for
international marketing of R&D Services with country specific as well as service
specific targets in a given time frame, keeping in view the developments taking
place globally as a result of WTO-GATS negotiations or otherwise.
ii. CSIR should encourage adoption of ‘corporate-culture’ in its laboratories
with adequate debureaucratization and restructuring, retaining at the same time
science based research environment.
iii. A corporate strategy may include evolving an appropriate structure at
the CSIR headquarters that would facilitate export of R&D services with active
participation of laboratories.
iv. Identification and benchmarking of R&D services of individual
laboratories needs to be done on priority.
v. Potential customers in targeted countries and the information about the
competitors to be complied for market positioning.
vi. Strategic alliances or partnerships with sister laboratories or other
institutions may be developed.
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| Research Title: |
Valuation of Intangibles |
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| Details: |
For more information, please contact CITT. |
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| Research Title: |
Implications of WTO-TBT Agreement on Exports |
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| Details: |
For more information, please contact CITT. |
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| Research Title: |
Global Marketing of R&D Services |
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| Details: |
For more information, please contact CITT. |
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| Research Title: |
FDI and Technology Exports |
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| Details: |
For more information, please contact CITT. |
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| Research Title: |
A Study on Technology Intensive Exports from India: Based on Reports of Trade Delegations |
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| Details: |
The visit reports of Indian trade delegations abroad and foreign trade delegations in India and foreign visits of dignitaries for promoting international trade are expected to provide information about the export potential in terms of markets and products/projects. However, this information usually remains with the organisation which has sponsored or received the delegations, and is not widely disseminated in the trade & industry, policy-makers, consultants, R&D institutions and other concerned with exports.
Keeping this aspect in view, a pilot study was undertaken by CITT, primarily with a view to promote technology-intensive trade in the country and to study the contents of the visit reports of various delegations sponsored or received by the Export Promotion Organisations. In this regard, thirty-two reports were received from 13 Export Promotion Organisations, out of about 100 organisations who were approached for copies of the visit reports of their delegations.
The study report includes the major potential areas for trade such as leather, footwear, drugs & pharmaceuticals, auto components, textiles, and tyres & tubes, rubber products, etc., besides other information relevant to exports. It is also observed that most of the reports generally emphasised on low value-added products rather than technology-intensive products of the export.
Since this is only a pilot study and is based on the very limited information available from the export promotion bodies, the information contained in this report needs to be seen with these constraints. Nevertheless, the present document gives some insight into the usefulness of the visits of the delegations and hopefully the same would be relevant and of some importance towards promotion of technology-intensive exports, to the concerned exporters and other agencies concerned with exports. |
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| Research Title: |
A Study on Policies and Incentives for Accelerating Technology Intensive Exports: Exporters’ Perspective |
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| Details: |
The study reveals that Indian exporters have generally limited and inadequate knowledge and awareness about the policy requirements of the importing countries and also the policies and incentives available to exporters in competing countries. The study includes the following recommendations:
 Undertaking detailed surveys about the policies and regulatory requirements of the importing countries and also the policies and incentives available to the exporters in competing countries
Support of Indian Embassies and High Commissions in extending wholehearted support particularly to the small and medium enterprises engaged in export of technology and technology incentive products
Evolving more under-friendly policies to boost exports of software
Tapping African markets for promoting India’s exports of technologies
Initiating of suitable steps by the Government of India to tap tremendous export potential of herbal products such as medicines, health foods, cosmetics, etc.
Tapping huge export potential of technologies for manufacture of bulk drugs to South-East Asia, Middle East and African countries
Organisations of awareness programmes about the policies and facilities available as well as funding mechanism for technology development to exporters in different parts of the country
Need to have greater interactions with R&D Institutions, financial and technical assistance for patenting abroad and technical support and information for competitive export production facilities in India |
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